Common Personal Care Ingredients to Avoid

Additive

Description

Used in:

Purpose

Parabens:

Methylparaben Propylparaben

Butyl paraben

Isobutyl paraben

Ethyl paraben

 

Commonly used benzene derivative, a petroleum by-product; sometimes plant derived

cosmetics, skin care products, shampoos and conditioners, sunscreens, underarm products (antiperspirants and deodorants), colognes and perfumes, soaps, including liquid hand soap shaving gels, cleansing gels, personal lubricants

Preservative: inhibits microbial growth and extends shelf life of products

Side effects

Hormone disruptors: estrogenic (have the ability to mimic estrogen in the body) and can be absorbed by the body through the skin.

Allergic reactions and skin rashes

DEA, Diethanolamine

MEA Monoethanolamine

TEA Triethanolamine

 

Ammonia compounds

Cosmetics, and products that foam: bubble bath, body wash, shampoo, soap, facial cleanser.

Emulsifiers and/or foaming agents.

Side effects

Carcinogenic:  FDA in 1999 released information on a study that showed DEA to be carcinogenic. The National Toxicology Program (NTP) completed a study in 1998 that found an association between the topical application of diethanolamine (DEA) and certain DEA-related ingredients and cancer in laboratory animals.

Hormone-disrupting chemicals known to form nitrates and nitrosamines, often in conjunction with other chemicals present in a product, namely:

Cocamide DEA

Cocamide MEA

DEA-Cetyl Phosphate

DEA Oleth-3 Phosphate

Lauramide DEA

Linoleamide MEA

 

Myristamide DEA

Oleamide DEA

Stearamide MEA

TEA-Lauryl Sulfate

Triethanolamine

 

A severe skin, eye and respiratory irritant, harmful if swallowed or inhaled.

Aluminum

Aluminum hydroxide

aluminum stearate

aluminum caprylate

Aluminum chloride

aluminum chlorohydrate

aluminum-zirconium

Aluminum zirconium tetrachlorohydrex gly

Aluminum zirconium trichlorohydrex gly

Aluminum salts

anti-perspirants /deodorants

Block the pores to prevent sweating (react with electrolytes in sweat to form a gel plug in the duct of the sweat gland)

Side effects

Estrogenic - mimics estrogen in the body; possible carcinogen, may be tied to breast cancer (research ongoing.)

Blocking sweat glands prevents body from releasing toxins naturally through sweat.

Aluminium has been established as a neurotoxin and has been shown to adversely affect the blood-brain barrier, cause DNA damage, and have adverse epigenetic effects- NCBI PubMed.

DMDM

(Dimethylol Dimethol Hydrantoin)

Imidazolidinyl Urea

Methanol-derived

Cleansers, toners, moisturizers; foundations, powders, concealers; eye makeup; facial blushes; bronzes and tanning creams; makeup removers; shampoos; sunscreens; topical medications

Anti-microbial; Preservatives

Side effects

Works by releasing formaldehyde, a known carcinogen. Formaldehyde is known to be highly toxic by inhalation, ingestion, and absorption through the skin. Formaldehyde also known to cause contact dermatitis and health problems such as migraines, allergies, joint pain and asthma.

Dioxins

 

By-product;

polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs).

Products bleached and/or packaged in plastic (toilet papers, tissues, cotton balls, tampons; deodorants, anti-perspirants, shampoos, other items packaged in plastic.)

Manufacturing by-product of chlorine and plastics; not a  listed ingredient

Side effects

Carcinogenic; builds up and stores in fat cells.

In 1994, EPA reported that dioxin is a probable carcinogen, but notes that non-cancer effects (reproduction and sexual development, immune system) may pose an even greater threat to human health.

FD&C Colors

(a.k.a.,  D&C or Synthetic Colors)

Derived from petroleum or coal tar.

Personal care and household products, food products, beverages.

Adds color, enhances appearance of product

Side effects

Coal tar found to cause cancer in animals and can cause allergic reactions in humans.

Listed followed by a color and number (e.g., FD&C Red No. 6)

Many FD&C colorings are now banned by the FDA following tests that reveal them to be carcinogenic.

FD&C – color that can be used only in foods, drugs, and cosmetics; D&C – color that can be used only in drugs and cosmetics

Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS)

a.k.a. coconut derived surfactant, naturally derived from coconut

 

may be derived from petroleum (petrochemical), animal fat or plant oil (oleochemical).

Frequently derived from coconut oil heated in the presence of sodium hydroxide then sulfonated

Toothpaste, Shaving foam, bubble bath, shampoos, soaps, cleansers, floor cleaners, car wash, etc.

Surfactant; Foaming agent; 
detergent. 

 

Side effects

Enhances allergic /immune response to toerh toxins and allergens.

Dioxins may form in products containing this ingredient.

Strips oils from skin and hair. Skin irritant, dry /itchy skin, irritates eczema and acne. Per American College of Toxicology, animals exposed to SLS experienced eye damage, severe skin irritation, corrosion and death.

In the same family: Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES), Sodium Diethylene Glycol Lauryl Ether Sulfate, Alkyl Ether Sulfate, Sodium Dodecyl Polyoxyethylene Sulfate, Sodium Lauryl Ethoxysulfate and Sodium Polyoxyethylene Lauryl Sulfate, Ammonium Laureth Sulfate.

Fragrance

a.k.a., Fragrance oils, perfume, parfum, aroma, Botanical based fragrance oils

 

 

Synthetic derived from petrochemicals, coal tar

Perfumes, colognes, soaps, lotions, shaving creams, deodorants, laundry detergents, fabric softeners, air fresheners, scented candles, etc.

impart aroma and odor to products

Side effects

Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin

can cause asthmatic reactions; many fragrance ingredients can cause allergic skin reactions.

can disrupt the balance of hormones in the human body (endocrine disruption) and even cause cancer.

many contain phthalates, known hormone disruptors.

each artificial fragrance typically contains one hundred or more chemicals to produce just one fragrance.

many contain compounds that cause skin irritation, may cause allergic reactions of the skin.

The perfume industry is not directly regulated for safety by the FDA in the US. Instead the FDA regulates the ingredients in the perfumes themselves and require that they be tested to the extent that they are Generally recognized as safe (GRAS). Synthetic fragrances used in cosmetics can have as many as 600 ingredients. Protection of trade secrets prevents the listing of ingredients that might or might not be hazardous in perfumes.

Synthetic musk compounds accumulate in human tissue and are found in breast milk. In animal studies they cross the placental barrier.  These materials also persist in the environment and contaminate waterways at levels as high or higher than pesticides. Some of these materials are suspected carcinogens or co-carcinogens. Common chemicals in fragrance are also suspected of being hormone disruptors.

energy intensive and polluting process

PEG

Polyethylene Glycol

PEG-6, PEG-150

Petrochemical; water-soluble polymer

Toothpaste, skin cream, sexual lubricants, cosmetics, cleansers

Surfactants (detergents), cleansing agents, emulsifiers (thickening agents), skin conditioners and humectants (moisturizer)

Side effects

Contain harmful impurities, according to a report by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) committee that was published in the International Journal of Toxicology, including:

-Ethylene oxide: Ethylene oxide increases the incidences of uterine and breast cancers and of leukemia and brain cancer, according to experimental results reported by the National Toxicology Program.

-1,4-dioxane: a carcinogen

-Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs): Known to increase the risk of breast cancer.

-Heavy metals including Lead, Iron, Cobalt, Nickel, Cadmium, Arsenic

PPG

Propylene Glycol

Petrochemical

Personal care products from makeup and lotions to shampoos and conditioners, cleansers

Solvent; dissolve oil and grease; thickens product

Side effects

Neurtoxin. Skin irritant.

Contact dermatitis, kidney damage, liver abnormalities.

Used as cheap substitute for vegetable glycerin.

Classified as a hazardous substance by the United Nations.

phthalates

(tha-lates)

DEP

petrochemical

Cosmetics, fragrances, plastics, personal care products; home furnishings (for example, flooring, wallpaper), medical devices (for example, catheters, IV- and blood bags), children's items (for example, infant feeding bottles, squeeze toys, changing mats, teethers) to packaging (for example, disposable bottles, food wrap).

Enhance and prolong fragrances, denure alcohol, solvents

Side effects

Hormone disrupting. May be connected to kidney, liver, lung and reproductive organ damage. Damages DNA of sperm in adult male; may be linked to infertility, miscarriage and birth defects. May be linked to premature onset of puberty in women.

DEP is a phthalate found in high quantities in humans.

A 2007 report by researchers at Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry stated that the concentrations of 3 phthalate metabolites commonly found in urine correlate with men's waist size and with the body cells' resistance to insulin, a precursor to Type II diabetes.

Found in many products, but not required to be listed.

Petrolatum

a.k.a.,

Petroleum jelly, vaseline

Mineral oil jelly, Liquidum Paraffinum, baby oil

Petrochemical

Cosmetics, lotions, first aid

Emollient – softens skin

Side effects

It forms an oily layer on the skin and traps moisture under the skin thus preventing the skin from breathing. At the same time, it stops toxins and wastes from escaping. May cause acne.

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

(e.g., Stearalkonium Chloride)

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

Shampoos, conditioners, fabric softeners, spermicidal jellies

Surfactants, disinfectants, softeners, anti-static agent

Side effects

Causes allergic reactions, skin irritation.